Homo Neanderthalis (Neanderthal) Hammerstone, circa 200,000 BCE

Homo Neanderthalis (Neanderthal) Triangular Handaxe, circa 200,000 BCE

Homo Neanderthalis (Neanderthal) Stone Scraper (Bifacial Form), circa 200,000 BCE

Homo Neanderthalis (Neanderthal) Stone Chopper (Polyhendron Form) circa 200,000 years BCE, Middle East

Polyhedron Chopper

Neanderthal (Homo Neanderthalis) Mortar & Pestal, Syria circa 200,000 years BCE

The basic shape, form and utilization of our own mortar and pestal's have not fundamentally changed for over 500,000 years or more.

This example comes from the Middle East probably around the area of Bosra, Syria and dated to approximately 200,000 years  +/- 30,000 years. As you can see the two a pieces (male and female) are a perfect match.

Greenstone Axe Head circa 1940's, Trading from the mainland to Kitava Island, Trobiand Islands Papua New Guinea

Australian Aboriginal Spear Point circa 2,500 years, found near the border of Western Australia and Northern Territory, Australia

Australian Aboriginal Handaxe, collected in 1865 near Millicent South Australia by early settlers. Estimated age +3,000 years old. Discarded by the original maker as the tip broke off.

Australian Aboriginal Hand Axe , Port Wakefield South Australia, collected in 1860 early settlers . Estimated age + 2500 years old

Rare Stone Axe Heads: Wahgi Valley Papua New Guinea circa early 1930s.

Before the first Australian patrol to Mt Hagen in 1933, stone axes were in daily use in the Papua New Guinea Highlands and were widely traded.

Many occurrences of hard rocks suitable for axe making were exploited, but only at a few centres was the manufacture of axes carried out on a large scale. In recent times, a group of axe factories located in the Wahgi and Jimi Valleys accounted for the bulk of production  and may stretch back 2,500 years. 

They are no longer made (being replaced with metal trade goods) and the knowledge of how to make them has essentially been lost in the face of modern cultural influences. If owned now, they are essentially used for ceremonial purposes or as visual demonstrations of wealth and family history.

These 2 specimens were collected in the early 1970's.

Mousterian Industries Levallois Retouched Double Scrapper Middle Palaeolithic circa 80,000 BC FRANCE

Provenance: Surface find from Oise, France and purchased via break up of a huge pre - 1930's collection, France

Age: (c) 80,000 years old

Size: 10-12cm

Condition: Excellent with mineral deposits, embedded debris and hinge patination

This is an exquisit example of a Mousterian Industries Levallois Re-Touched Double Scrapper which the original owner...a Neanderthal (Homo Neanderthalis) man or woman retouched to keep the edges keen.

The artifact has a typical Mousterian creamy white patina with hinge patination, mineral desposits and ground debris. It is a perfect specimen of the industry. It is a surface find from Oise, France.